SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. . bookmarked pages associated with this title. Sir Walter Scott uses Bunyan's tale in chapter 32 of his novel The Heart of Midlothian (1818) to illustrate the relationship between Madge Wildfire and Jeanie Deans. The first part was completed in 1677 and entered into the Stationers' Register on 22 December 1677. Christian spends three days here, and leaves clothed with the Armour of God (Eph. You could not be signed in. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! It is an allegory of C. S. Lewis' own journey from a religious childhood to a pagan adulthood in which he rediscovers his Christian God. side-meat meat from the side of a pig; specifically, bacon or salt pork. croquet an outdoor game in which the players use mallets to drive a wooden ball through a series of hoops placed in the ground. PILGRIM After getting over the River of Death on the ferry boat of Vain Hope without overcoming the hazards of wading across it, Ignorance appears before the gates of Celestial City without a passport, which he would have acquired had he gone into the King's Highway through the Wicket Gate. Section I: The holograph manuscript of Grapes / Roy S. Simmonds. (Stanford users can avoid this Captcha by logging in. Mar 2010; ELIZABETH NAPIER; View. Both albums received critical acclaim. WebMetaphors are used a lot throughout the book The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. There are collections of old foreign language versions of The Pilgrim's Progress at both the Moot Hall Museum in Elstow, and at the John Bunyan Museum in Mill Street in Bedford. Christian falls asleep at the arbour above the hill and loses his scroll, forcing him to go back and get it. Sample A+ Essay: The Joads as Universal Figures for Dust Bowl Farmers, John Steinbeck and The Grapes of Wrath Background. Mother Hubbard a full loose gown for women. Cherokee a member of a North American Indian people formerly inhabiting a large area of the south Allegheny Mountains, now in Oklahoma and North Carolina. Honest, Mr. Feeble-Mind, Mr. Ready-To-Halt, Phoebe, Grace, and Martha come to Bypath-Meadow and, after much fight and difficulty, slay the cruel Giant Despair and the wicked Giantess Diffidence, and demolish Doubting Castle for Christian and Hopeful who were oppressed there. [9] It has also been cited as the first novel written in English. WebThus, the pilgrims left Europe for a new Promised Land, i.e. Section IV: Grapes and theory. Steinbeck's novel was itself an allegorical spiritual journey by Tom Joad through America during the Great Depression, and often made Christian allusions to sacrifice and redemption in a world of social injustice. lifer [slang] a person sentenced to imprisonment for life. "The Grapes of Wrath:" Steinbeck's "Pilgrim's Progress" Article. WebTom Key. CBS broadcasts the premiere episode of Please check your email address / username and password and try again. WebA summary of Chapters 79 in John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath. "[48], "The Pilgrim's Progress has been translated into 200 languages," including Dutch in 1681, German in 1703, and Swedish in 1727, as well as over eighty African languages.[which? Hooverville any of the encampments of displaced persons especially prevalent during the 1930's; "Hoover" is a reference to the President of the United States at the time, Herbert Hoover. Pilgrims Progress. Using the key and the Giant's weakness to sunlight, they escape. Available "Mount Sinai", the high hill on the way to the village of Morality, whose side "that was next the wayside, did hang so much over", The "Wicket Gate" could be the wooden gate at the entrance to the. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. single-action Colt a type of revolver invented by American Samuel Colt (1814-1862) the hammer must be cocked by hand before each shot. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. and Great-heart. migrant a farm laborer who moves from place to place to harvest seasonal crops. Charlotte Bront refers to Pilgrim's Progress in most of her novels, including Jane Eyre,[68] Shirley,[69] and Villette. from your Reading List will also remove any Steinbeck Review 1 April 2010; 7 (1): 5056. The original book (written in the early 17th Century) is narrated by an omniscient narrator, directing the reader through fallow land plowed but not seeded for one or more growing seasons, to kill weeds, make the soil richer, and so on. Evangelist meets the wayward Christian as he stops before Mount Sinai on the way to Mr. Legality's home. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. "The Grapes of Wrath:" Steinbeck's "Pilgrim's Progress" The grapes of wrath : a re-consideration in SearchWorks catalog levee an embankment built alongside a river to prevent high water from flooding bordering land. Pilgrim's Progress. [16] Christian leaves his home, his wife, and children to save himself: he cannot persuade them to accompany him. "The whole texture of the country at once": Steinbeck's general chapters in The Grapes of Wrath / Daniel Griesbach, A defense of Steinbeck's intercalary chapters in The Grapes of Wrath / John J. Han. spam trademark for a kind of canned luncheon meat made from pieces of seasoned pork and ham pressed into a loaf. [11][12] The words on which the hymn "To be a Pilgrim" is based come from the novel. WebMain Themes of The Grapes of Wrath Introduction. Search for other works by this author on: The text of this article is only available as a PDF. "[50] The Pilgrim's Progress was also adapted to be relevant for non-Europeans, by tailoring the story to make sense of their own experiences. The Grapes of Wrath repel to drive or force back; hold or ward off. This group disbanded in 1690 after Prospero vanished into the Blazing World; however, some parts of the text seem to imply that Christian resigned from Prospero's League before its disbanding and that Christian travelled to the Blazing World before Prospero himself. Bunyan's plain style breathes life into the abstractions of the anthropomorphized temptations and abstractions that Christian encounters and with whom he converses on his course to Heaven. chambray a smooth fabric of cotton, made by weaving white or unbleached threads across a colored warp: used for dresses, shirts, and so on. (This device is given to Mercy in the Second Part at her request.) Tom Key belligerently in a hostile or quarrelsome manner. He liked a book. On a rough, stony stretch of road, Christian and Hopeful leave the highway to travel on the easier By-Path Meadow, where a rainstorm forces them to spend the night. Find the quotes you need to support your essay, or refresh your memory of the book by reading these key quotes. This site uses cookies. The book was often divided into smaller parts or individual episodes that could be made into individual sermons, postcards, or wall charts. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/41583625. On Mount Clear, they are able to see the Celestial City through the shepherd's "perspective glass", which serves as a telescope. The four sons of Christian and their families do not cross but remain for the support of the church in that place. 6:1118),[20] which stands him in good stead in his battle against the demonic dragon-like Apollyon (the lord and god of the City of Destruction) in the Valley of Humiliation. Paradeshi Mokshayathra by Rev. WebJohn Steinbeck's classic novel 'The Grapes of Wrath' gave a voice to the tens of thousands of Americans affected by the Dust Bowl tragedy in Midwestern farming states. In addition, there were nine translations in Southeast Asia, twenty four translations in South Asia, and another eleven in Australasia and the Pacific. This book. Henry Williamson's The Patriot's Progress references the title of The Pilgrim's Progress and the symbolic nature of John Bunyan's work. on 50-99 accounts. Later in the novel, there is nothing that the California landowners fear as much as relinquishing their precious land to the needy farmers. The English text comprises 108,260 words and is divided into two parts, each reading as a continuous narrative with no chapter divisions. Early Bunyan scholars such as John Brown believed The Pilgrim's Progress was begun in Bunyan's second, shorter imprisonment for six months in 1675,[13] but more recent scholars such as Roger Sharrock believe that it was begun during Bunyan's initial, more lengthy imprisonment from 1660 to 1672 right after he had written his spiritual autobiography Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners.[14]. Near the top of the Hill of Difficulty, he meets two weak pilgrims named Mistrust and Timorous who tell him of the great lions of the Palace Beautiful. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. serfs persons in feudal servitude, bound to a master's land and transferred with it to a new owner. In 1850, Huntington, Cropsey, and Church contributed designs to a moving panorama based on The Pilgrim's Progress, conceptualized by May and fellow artist Joseph Kyle, which debuted in New York and travelled all over the country. WebToggle navigation. Christian is weighed down by a great burdenthe knowledge of his sinwhich he believed came from his reading "the book in his hand" (the Bible). Glory! This can be done in one day, like most of the pilgrim bounty achievements. He comes upon his father, Pa Joad, piling the familys belongings outside. Pilgrim's Progress a religious allegory by John Bunyan (1678). Evangelist directs Christian to return to the way to the Wicket Gate, and Christian complies. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% stereopticon a kind of slide projector designed to allow one view to fade out while the next is fading in. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. James Agee's lost review of John Ford's film adaptation of The Grapes of Wrath / Jason Arthur, The Joad collective: class consciousness and social reorganization in The Grapes of Wrath / Florian Schwieger, A radical revisioning: understanding and repositioning The Grapes of Wrath as political "propaganda" / Lisa A. Kirby, Dis/Locating the radical in The Grapes of Wrath / Janet Galligani Casey, Monopolizing monsters: demise of the family farm and the rise of corporate farming in Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath / Robert Miltner. [50] "For example, Kele Protestants in the Congo omitted the sections that explained original sin" since "this idea was incompatible with their cultural assumptions. Just outside the Valley of the Shadow of Death he meets Faithful, also a former resident of the City of Destruction, who accompanies him to Vanity Fair, a place built by Beelzebub where every thing to a human's taste, delight, and lust is sold daily, where both are arrested and detained because of their disdain for the wares and business of the Fair. Instead, each family member tends to possess one or two exaggerated, distinguishing characteristics. Quiz plays in practice mode will not be counted towards challenge completion or badge progress. As night falls, Christian enters the fearful Valley of the Shadow of Death. pone cornbread in the form of small, oval loaves. The strip ran from 26 June 1905 to 18 December 1910. Part 1: The Fifth Stage, the Sixth Stage, the Seventh Stage. Henry, corpulent and dour, may have been considered by Bunyan to be a model for Giant Despair. Hong Xiuquan, the leader of the Christianity-inspired Taiping Rebellion, declared that the book was his favorite reading. 2. The book was the basis of The Pilgrim's Progress (opera) by Vaughan Williams, premiered in 1951. In the Second Part, Goodwill is shown to be Jesus Himself. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. SparkNotes PLUS At breakfast, Granma, who is devoutly religious, insists that Casy say a prayer, even though he tells them he no longer preaches. gingham a yarn-dyed cotton cloth, usually woven in stripes, checks, or plaids. [W]hen theyre all workin together, not one fella for another fella, but one fella kind of harnessed to the whole shebang . Study Guides, Part I: Authors Apology, the First Stage, and the Second Stage, Part I: The Third Stage, the Fourth Stage, Part I: The Fifth Stage, the Sixth Stage, the Seventh Stage, Part I: The Eighth Stage, the Ninth Stage, Part I: The Tenth Stage, Conclusion of Part I, Part II: Authors Introduction, the First Stage, Part II: The Second Stage, the Third Stage, Part II: The Fourth Stage, the Fifth Stage, Part II: The Sixth Stage, the Seventh Stage, Part II: The Eighth Stage, Authors Farewell, Part 1: Author's Apology, the First Stage, and the Second Stage, Part 1: The Third Stage, the Fourth Stage, Part 1: The Fifth Stage, the Sixth Stage, the Seventh Stage, Part 1: The Eighth Stage, the Ninth Stage, Part 1: The Tenth Stage, Conclusion of Part 1, Part 2: Author's Introduction, the First Stage, Part 2: The Second Stage, the Third Stage, Part 2: The Fourth Stage, the Fifth Stage, Part 2: The Sixth Stage, the Seventh Stage, Part 2: The Eighth Stage, Author's Farewell, John Bunyan and The Pilgrims Progress Background. Shareable Link. Bunyan presents a decrepit and harmless giant to confront Christian at the end of the Valley of the Shadow of Death that is explicitly named "Pope": Now I saw in my Dream, that at the end of this Valley lay blood, bones, ashes, and mangled bodies of men, even of Pilgrims that had gone this way formerly: And while I was musing what should be the reason, I espied a little before me a Cave, where two Giants, Pope and Pagan, dwelt in old times, by whose Power and Tyranny the Men whose bones, blood ashes, &c. lay there, were cruelly put to death. The Grapes of Wrath - Context Flashcards | Quizlet jalopy [slang] an old, ramshackle automobile. There were also Bunyan inspired jigsaw puzzles, and some followers crafted their landscapes in Bunyan theme parks.[9]. Christian and Hopeful, with deep discourse about the truth of their glorious salvation, manage to make it through the dangerous Enchanted Ground (a place where the air makes them sleepy and if they fall asleep, they never wake up) into the Land of Beulah, where they ready themselves to cross the dreaded River of Death on foot to Mount Zion and the Celestial City. On his way to the Wicket Gate, Christian is diverted by the secular ethics of Mr. And his pipestill smells rank. The Grapes of Wrath [citation needed]. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. 4:12). perplexity the condition of being perplexed; bewilderment; confusion. Usually, each emblem occupied a page and consisted of an allegorical picture at the top with underneath it a device or motto, a short Latin verse, and a poem explaining the allegory. Section XI: Influences of Grapes on others. an organization or confederation uniting various individuals, political units, and so on. This event happens relatively early in the narrative: the immediate need of Christian at the beginning of the story is quickly remedied. J.P. Morgan (1867-1943) U.S. financier; known as "Jack," to distinguish from his better-known father, J.P. "Pierpont" Morgan. premium an additional amount paid or charged. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! [15] After the first edition of the first part in 1678, an expanded edition, with additions written after Bunyan was freed, appeared in 1679. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. The Grapes of Wrath Go to BN.com to get your copy of these helpful resources. Some examples of metaphors in the story are, the sand turtle trying to cross the road in Use of Literary Devices in the Intercalary Chapters of, Philosophical Influences on Steinbeck's Social Theory. Learn more. Christiana, Matthew, Samuel, Joseph, James, Mercy, Greatheart, Old Mr. WebPart 1: The Third Stage, the Fourth Stage. Want 100 or more? "The Grapes of Wrath:" Steinbeck's "Pilgrim's Progress" ELIZABETH NAPIER. Christian never When Christian and Faithful travel through Vanity Fair, Bunyan adds the editorial comment: But as in other fairs, some one Commodity is as the chief of all the fair, so the Ware of Rome and her Merchandize is greatly promoted in this fair: Only our English Nation, with some others, have taken a dislike thereat. speaking in tongues ecstatic or apparently ecstatic utterance of usually unintelligible speechlike sounds, as in a religious assembly, viewed by some as a manifestation of deep religious experience. The character of Billy Pilgrim in Kurt Vonnegut's novel Slaughterhouse-5: The Children's Crusade is a clear homage to a similar journey to enlightenment experienced by Christian, although Billy's journey leads him to an existential acceptance of life and of a fatalist human condition. diesel a type of internal-combustion engine that burns fuel oil. hackles the hairs on a dog's neck and back that bristle, as when the dog is ready to fight. August 19, 2010 1:59 pm. Vol. The Lord of the Celestial City orders the shining ones (angels) to take Ignorance to one of the byways of Hell and throw him in. shirtwaist a woman's blouse or bodice tailored more or less like a shirt. Full Glossary for The Grapes of Wrath - cliffsnotes.com The Grapes of Wrath : Steinbeck's Pilgrim's Progress sidled moved sideways, especially in a shy or stealthy manner. When she subsequently died, John was unable to deal with the loss. It continued to be republished with Bunyan's work until 1852. head of wild oats the uppermost part of a plant's foliage. The bank is something more than men, I tell you. The Third Part of the Pilgrim's Progress was written by an anonymous author; beginning in 1693, it was published with Bunyan's authentic two parts. ), Professor Alfred H. Grommon and Helen McCurdy Grommon Library Fund for 19th Century and Contemporary American Literature. Christian and Hopeful meet up with him twice and try to persuade him to journey to the Celestial City in the right way. Grapes of Wrath In the novel, John Steinbeck follows the fictional journey of the Joads, a family of sharecroppers from Sallisaw, Oklahoma, forced to migrate west during the Dust Bowl. Purchasing Joseph Peet (1844), and Sanchariyude Prayanam (1846) by Rev. on 50-99 accounts. muslin any of various strong, often sheer cotton cloths of plain weave; especially, a heavy variety used for sheets, pillowcases, and so on. In Marguerite Young's novel, Miss MacIntosh, My Darling, the titular character always carries a copy of Pilgrim's Progress with her. Albert Foster[22] describes the natural features of Bedfordshire that apparently turn up in The Pilgrim's Progress. Samuel Johnson said that "this is the great merit of the book, that the most cultivated man cannot find anything to praise Jefferson, Thomas (1743-1826), American statesman, third president of the United States (1801-1809), drew up the Declaration of Independence. When Christiana's party leaves Gaius's Inn and Mr. Feeble-Mind lingers in order to be left behind, he is encouraged to accompany the party by Greatheart. In Louisa May Alcott's Little Women, the protagonist Jo and her sisters read it at the outset of the novel, and try to follow the good example of Bunyan's Christian. [citation needed]. To be a pilgrim. Time and again, those in positions of power seek to take advantage of those below them. Glory! John Steinbeck's novel The Grapes of Wrath mentions The Pilgrim's Progress as one of an (anonymous) character's favorite books. Steinbeck Review, Vol. Sharrock, page 59. tenant a person who farms land owned by another and pays rent in cash or in a share of the crops. ELIZABETH NAPIER; "The Grapes of Wrath:" Steinbeck's "Pilgrim's Progress". Renews May 8, 2023 handbill a small printed notice or advertisement to be passed out by hand. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. Vera Brittain in her thoroughly researched biography of Bunyan,[23] identifies seven locations that appear in the allegory. Conover's Coyotes: a continuation of Steinbeck's migrant worker legacy / Eric Skipper. denunciation a public accusation or strong condemnation of someone or something. In 1962, Steinbeck received the Nobel Prize for Literature. Here's where you'll find analysis of the literary devices in The Pilgrims Progress, from the major themes to motifs, symbols, and more. foxtails plants with cylindrical spikes bearing spikelets interspersed with stiff bristles. As one farmer warns the corrupt pawnbroker who robs him of his possessions: [Y]ou cut us down, and soon you will be cut down and therell be none of us to save you.. pone cornbread in the form of small, oval loaves. Typical Usage (best examples) salts refers here to smelling salts; an aromatic mixture, used as an inhalant in relieving faintness, headaches, and so on. vigilantes members of vigilance committees, groups that keep order or punish crime without legal authority. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. and in-depth analyses of The key factor is knowledge, which must increase as the pilgrim proceeds forward. 2023 Course Hero, Inc. All rights reserved. Cracker Jack trademark for a confection of sweet, glazed popcorn and peanuts. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. "An away thing and a stay thing": Alfredo Va, Jr.'s refiguring of Steinbeck's temporary structures / Kristen Marie Haven. Obstinate and Pliable go after Christian to bring him back, but Christian refuses. Renews May 8, 2023 (2002). [10] According to literary editor Robert McCrum, "there's no book in English, apart from the Bible, to equal Bunyan's masterpiece for the range of its readership, or its influence on writers as diverse as William Hogarth, C. S. Lewis, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Charles Dickens, Louisa May Alcott, George Bernard Shaw, William Thackeray, Charlotte Bronte, Mark Twain, John Steinbeck and Enid Blyton. John Bunyan was an English writer as well as a Puritan preacher. WebThe second best selling Christian book of all time next to the Bible is Pilgrims Progress by John Bunyan. You can view our. premium an additional amount paid or charged. Re-viewing John Ford's The Grapes of Wrath / Nina Allen, Share and share alike: fugal repetition and modification in John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath / Michael J. Meyer, Steinbeck, Guthrie, and Springsteen: from the politics of the frontier to the politics of sharing / Samuele F.S. south side chicago 1950s; logan regional hospital jobs Dont have an account? Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! carrying charges the costs associated with property ownership, as taxes, upkeep, and so on. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. As the men travel to Uncle Johns, Tom relates a story about his curious uncle. Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich (1870-1924), Russian leader of the Communist revolution of 1917, premier of the U.S.S.R. (1917-1924). For example, in the American Southern Black culture, Bunyan was changed to be a black protagonist who "was redeemed not only from sin but also slavery. The short chapters that bookend the introduction of the Joad family develop one of the books major themes. [citation needed], English composer Ernest Austin set the whole story as a huge narrative tone poem for solo organ, with optional 6-part choir and narrator, lasting approximately .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}2+12 hours.[when? proprietor one who owns and operates a business establishment. service clubs clubs, such as Rotary and Kiwanis, organized to provide certain services for their members and to promote the community welfare. Daniel Huntington, Jasper Cropsey, Frederic Edwin Church, Jesse Talbot, Edward Harrison May, and others completed canvases based on the work. The New Pilgrim's Progress Game - Pilgrim's Progress Game This free study guide is stuffed with the juicy details and important facts you The Pilgrim's Progress was much more popular than its predecessors. Samuel Johnson said that "this is the great merit of the book, that the most cultivated man cannot find anything to praise more highly, and the child knows nothing more amusing". harrows frames with spikes or sharp-edged disks, drawn by a horse or tractor and used for breaking up and leveling plowed ground, covering seeds, rooting up weeds, and so on. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the Religious Tract Society produced the book into Sunday School prize editions and cheap abridgments. In 1993, the popular Christian radio drama, In the 1990s Kurt and Keith Landaas, composed, directed and performed a compelling stage two-act modern rock opera adaptation of. It was licensed and entered in the "Term Catalogue" on 18 February 1678, which is looked upon as the date of first publication. [according to whom?] Pardini, Open their ears, open their books, open their world: The Grapes of Wrath, "Broken Plow," and the LitTunes approach / Christian Z. Goering. meetin' an assembly or place of assembly for worship. Purty Boy Floyd infamous Depression-era bank robber; known for his kindness to poor people. cultivators implements or machines for loosening the earth and destroying weeds around growing plants. Instead of a traditional prayer, he shares his realization that mankind is holy in itself. Dont have an account? "A third part falsely attributed to Bunyan appeared in 1693, and was reprinted as late as 1852," (. The Second Part of The Pilgrim's Progress presents the pilgrimage of Christian's wife, Christiana, and their sons, and the maiden, Mercy. Our page of best sample sentences to demonstrate typical use of PILGRIM is also linked from this page. Christian and Hopeful come to a place where a man named Wanton Professor is chained by the ropes of seven demons who take him to a shortcut to the Lake of Fire (Hell). Christian tries to help them, but they disregard his advice. See a complete list of the characters in [66] The second version exists today in the collections of the Saco Museum. Section II: Influences on Grapes. Before establishing his work as a known preacher and an influential writer during the era of King Charles I, John Bunyan was a tinker born in a humble background who faced a lot of challenges throughout his preaching career which motivated him in writing the This burden, which would cause him to sink into Hell, is so unbearable that Christian must seek deliverance. Grapes of Wrath lorelei ending explained. The "Land of Beulah" is Middlesex county north and west of London, which then (over 150 years before modern suburban sprawl started) had pretty villages, market gardens, and estates containing beautiful parks and gardens): "woods of Islington to the green hills of Hampstead & Highgate"; The "Celestial City" is London, the physical centre of John Bunyan's worldmost of his neighbours never travelled that far. The Angel punishes them for following the Flatterer and then puts them back on the right path. In the same sequence as these subjects appear in The Pilgrim's Progress, the geographical realities are as follows: The Pilgrim's Progress was much more popular than its predecessors. WebPilgrim's Progress study guide contains a biography of John Bunyan, literature essays, a complete e-text, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath as socialist / communist propaganda / Danica ere, A shared poetic: the influence of Rickett's literary philosophy on Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath / Katharine A. Rodger, Fermenting The Grapes of Wrath: distilling the sweet concord of brotherhood and positive social action from a tradition of anger and violence / Michael J. Meyer, Sacred path: considering "Road" a religious image in John Michael J. Meyer / Christine Marie Hilger, "He's - a kind of man": Jim Casy's spiritual journey in The Grapes of Wrath / Kelly MacPhail, Biblical wilderness in The Grapes of Wrath: Steinbeck's multi-layered use of the Biblical image / Alec Gilmore, Religion in The Grapes of Wrath: a reader's guide / John Clark Pratt. Subscribe now. Mark Twain gave his 1869 travelogue, The Innocents Abroad, the alternative title The New Pilgrims' Progress.
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